Wassily Kandinsky
(1866 - 1944)  - Russia
             Painting of the Week - Mit und Gegen

Monday - Kandinsky and painting of the week

Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist – that means he studied and wrote about what elements are important within a work of art.  He is credited with being the first to paint a purely abstract painting.  Our painting of the week is known by its German title, Mit und Gegen, or With and Against, and it is definitely an abstract painting.

Mit und Gegen by Kandinsky

YouTube video - Student's biography of Wassily Kandinsky (1:56 min.)

Tuesday - Kandinsky's background

Haystacks at Giverny by Monet

Haystacks at Giverny by Monet

Kandinsky was a member of the law profession in Russia until he began painting at the age of 30.  One event that influenced his abrupt career change was seeing an exhibition of French Impressionists in Moscow.  Kandinsky was especially inspired by Claude Monet's Haystacks at Giverny. Kandinsky chose to abandon his law career and move to Munich, Germany to devote himself full-time to the study of art.  

The Blue Rider by Kandinsky 1903

One of his most important paintings from his earlier painting years was The Blue Rider, which shows a small cloaked figure on a speeding horse rushing through a rocky meadow. The rider is shown more as a series of colors than in detail.  Kandinsky later taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922 until the Nazis closed it in 1933.

Degenerate Art Exhibit sign

Nazis officers and Germans viewing the Degenerate Exhibit.

Hitler labeled modern artists as "incompetents, cheats and madmen" and said there would be no place for modern art in the Nazi regime.  The Nazis confiscated some of Kandinsky’s paintings and those of other modern artists, such as Chagall.  These confiscated artworks were displayed in an exhibit the Nazis called, “Degenerate Art”. 

Composition X painted in France by Kandinsky

Kandinsky moved to France, where he lived for the rest of his life, becoming a French citizen and producing some of his most prominent art.

Wednesday - Kandinsky and abstract art

The first piece of abstract art - a watercolor by Kandinsky

In 1910, Kandinsky painted the first piece of abstract art, which was done in watercolor. In traditional art, an image or symbol is drawn that represents something or someone.  That drawing is supposed to make the viewer think of a particular object or person.  

Close-up of Chagall's I and the Village

Kandinsky

For example, in Chagall’s work last week, we could recognize a goat or a man even though it might be blue and floating in the sky. Kandinsky’s art did not try to represent objects.  Abstract art does not depict a person, place or thing in the natural world -- even in a distorted or exaggerated way. 

The purpose or subject of the work is based just on what you see: color, shapes, brushstrokes, size, scale, and, in some cases, the process.  Kandinsky was the first to realize a work of art could be beautiful or worthwhile without representing something.  His works are simply compositions with shapes and colors that have harmony and structure.  

Kandinsky believed that colors produce emotions. Red was lively and confident; Green was peaceful with inner strength; Blue was deep and supernatural; Yellow could be warm, exciting, or even disturbing; and White seemed silent but full of possibilities.  

Composition VII by Kandinsky

Kandinsky’s creative ideas about color and painting were sometimes criticized by others, but he became a respected leader of the abstract art movement in the early 20th century.  This is a quote from Wassily Kandinsky:  “Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult.  It demands that you know how to draw well, that you have a heightened sensitivity for composition and for colors, and that you be a true poet.  This last is essential.”

YouTube video - Slide show of Kandinsky's paintings (3:55 min.)

Thursday - Kandinsky and music

Kandinsky's Improvisation #19

Kandinsky's Improvisation #10

A second event had a deep influence on Kandinsky’s desire to paint besides seeing Monet’s haystack painting.  It was hearing Richard Wagner’s music of Lohengrin performed at a Russian theater. Kandinsky drew inspiration from the music, which he realized suggested emotion and stirred imagination even though it couldn’t directly represent figures or landscapes due to its abstract nature. 

Composition IV by Kandinsky

Music was important to the birth of abstract art. Kandinsky sometimes used musical terms to identify his works; he called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more elaborate works as "compositions." 

Composition V by Kandinsky

He also assigned instrument tones to go with each color: Red sounded like a trumpet; Green sounded like a middle-position violin; Light Blue sounded like flute; Dark Blue sounded like a cello, Yellow sounded like a fanfare of trumpets; and White sounded like the pause in a harmonious melody. 

Composition VI by Kandinsky

Friday - Kandinsky's influence

Kandinsky’s abstract art altered the world of art and helped begin its modern age.  In 2012, one of his paintings, Study for Improvisation 8, was auctioned for $23 million. 

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In 2014, Google honored Kandinsky on what would’ve been his 148th birthday by featuring a Google Doodle based on his paintings.

YouTube video - Kandinsky Circle Art Lesson for Lower Elementary (6:26 min.)

YouTube video - Concentric Circles Art Lesson for Upper Elementary (3:53 min.)

Arkansas Visual Art Frameworks

VA.5.4.5  Describe ways color combinations are used to communicate emotion and symbolic use

VA.5.4.16  investigate variety in a work of art